Essay On Sabbatical Leave - 787 Words

I am in writing to apply for a sabbatical leave in an academic year of 18 ~ 19. Twelve years have passed incredibly quickly since starting to teach in the Department of Furniture Design at Rhode Island School of Design. What a rewarding and learning experience. Through the early years of teaching experience, it became clear that I am a type of an artist that requires centralization on one thing, at a time, either devoting to students and its surrounding community or studio practice of my own, in order to lead a favorable result. For that reason, in the past ten years, I divide a year in two; the fall for teaching and the rest of a year for producing my work. This cycle has been working out efficiently to develop my career, as well as†¦show more content†¦At this point, there is no such concrete project plan in mind. On the account, I would like to spend a good chunk of time for experimentation and making models as many as possible. The exploratory activity is essential to the way I approach to generate ideas and to design, seeing that will give rise to more potentials and probe problems at the early stages. Some work and some do not. Therefore, my goal is to reach a stage of an idea and fabrication methods finalized for more than a few projects first, then to start creating and completing work that succeeds to an exhibition within a year or two after the sabbatical leave. Alongside studio work, I would like to develop my writing skill as well as documenting my artwork. Making An artwork book of my own would be a sufficient means to accomplish both. Since making a book is an unfamiliar territory for me, I am pondering an idea of working with two artist friends, a book designer and a writing professional. Additionally, I would consider applying for a short-term (two weeks to four weeks) artist in residence program at the Vermont Studio Center (VSC) which provides a stimulative and dynamic working environment for artists, writers, photographers, and composers. With collectives of nearly hundredShow MoreRelatedFeminist Critical Analysis: Elizabeth Gilberts Eat, Pray, Love1148 Words   |  5 PagesI will be focusing on the critiquing strategy of the feminism Eat Pray Love â€Å"One Woman’s Search for Everything Across Italy, India and Indonesia† (Elizabeth Gilbert 2006). In this essay we will closely examine love, lust, marriage and divorce . Many marriages are committed within love but in all honestly, most are made up of lust. Which leads us to asking ourselves, is there any certainty of the balance of love? 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This paper will examineRead MoreHuman Resource Management Project3711 Words   |  15 Pagesfor paid maternity leave and paternity leave under the law which is referred as the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 under which pregnant women can take paid leave up to 14 weeks, first seven weeks before delivery and other seven weeks after delivery and the maximum payment is $441.6 per wee k before tax. They also have satellite offices for new mothers, telecommuting for employees on need basis, adoption leave, flexible work hours, part-time work policy, one-year childcare sabbatical policy and near-siteRead More J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace: Post-Apartheid South Africa Essays2784 Words   |  12 Pagesnot. He views himself as a learned sexual conquistador, according to the schema of social mores his behavior is viewed as deviant. When he is exiled for his deviant behavior, he pretends as if a sabbatical to churn out his opera. 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Business Commercial Transaction

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Commercial Transaction. Answer: Parties The assignment covers the business and commercial transactions in consideration to the Australian Consumer Law and Commercial Transactions. The concerned parties in the assignment are Fred, Southpac Bank, Freds parents, John and Abacus and Associates. Fred graduated in marketing subject and started his own advertising consultancy business that succeeded until two years. He wanted to expand the business after two years of success and approached John to prepare the business plan. John was a client manager in Abacus and Associates, an accounting practice firm. John service with the firm was under an agreement that the outside clients advice should be approved and signed by the partner of the firm. Other parties i.e. Southpac Bank and Freds parents are the parties provided loan to the Fred based on the business loan provided by John and his firm. Issues In the present situation, issue that have been observed are negligent misstatement made by John and his accounting firm, Abacus and associates, Liabilities of John and accounting firm towards the Southpac Bank and Freds parents for presenting the negligent misstatement. These issues have been raised because the business plan that was created by John in approval with Abacus and Associates did not contain true and complete information. The business plan did not contain the liabilities and obligations towards John and there was no identification of national competitor in the same business industry. Fred also discovered that the business plan prepared by John and his accounting firm had understated the cost of business setup. The same business plan had been forwarded to the Southpac Bank and Freds parents to borrow loan amount for the purpose of business development. Since both the parties i.e. Freds parents and Bank had approved and sanctioned loan to Fred for 5 years period, John and A bacus and Associates are liable to provide negligent misstatement. Due to such incorrect misstatement, Fred incurred losses and was unable to pay back to the Bank loan, his parents loan amount and lease rentals. Fred had to experience legal actions from the Bank and lessors who provided the place on lease because of the incorrect and negligent misstatement. Rules According to the section 18 (1) of Australian consumer Law, any statement provided by the parties to the business or agreement is deceptive, misleading or negligent is prohibited for the business consideration (Barker 2015). It states that any statement which have been either omitted or wrongly presented and that the presence of such statement provides material information to the parties would fall under the category of negligent misstatement. Further, negligent misstatement is an actionable claim under the common law that represents the intention of the provider of the statement is to deceive the receiver of the statement. In case the negligent misstatement is proved before the court, then the party can claim for the damage as per section 236 of Australian Consumer Law (Lasker, Klein and Barago 2015). Application Considering the rules and provisions on negligent misstatement and the present situation of the case, it has been analyzed that the business plan presented to Fred was contained with negligent misstatement. John and the accounting firm, Abacus and Associates willfully omitted the terms of Johns liability and deliberately understated the cost of business setup. Further, the parties also excluded to present the identification of a national competitor of Newtown in the same industry. According to the facts of the case, John was an old friend of Fred agreed to create business development plan for Fred and presented him after few days. However, John did not get the approval from his firms partner as per the employment terms and condition. On the other hand, John handed a letter to the Bank and Fred signed by the firms partner that mentioned the parties does not own any liability for the accuracy of the information. As a matter of fact, two situations arise in the present situation, one is the omission of important information and other is misleading information in the business plan. Another situation is the presentation of letter that stated the company has no liability on accuracy of the information. According to the case decision of Google Inc v ACCC, it had been concluded that the company was not involved in presenting the misleading information since it was lack of understanding at the readers part. On the contrary, it may be noted that the business plan provided by John did not contain the correct and complete information. Hence, it can be said that the there was negligent misstatement made by John to the defendant Fred. Further, as per the common law the superior party to the contract or action for providing misleading information of misstatement by the respondent also held liable. In the present case the misleading information had been given by John but his accounting firm Abacus and Associates also held liable. According to the employment terms and conditions, John did not get the business plan approved by the firms partner but the letter has been signed. Therefore, the firm and the partners are partly responsible for approving the letter without approving the business plan. Based on the case of Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd vicarious liability had been imposed on the employer for unlawful and illegitimate acts of the employees because of the employers superiority level and authorization rights. Mere presentation of the exclusion of liability in the letter does not waive the responsibility of the superior and contractor. In addition to this, approval of bank loan was also given by Southpac Bank on the basis of Freds application as well as the business plan. In this situation the signed letter mentioning the exclusion of liability of the contractor or party to the agreement cannot be regarded as clear evidence for stating all the required material and correct information. For any business transaction or business action significant documents like agreement between the parties, documents of business plan or any other specific documents are required. All such documents should be accurately and appropriately drafted with the approval of concerned parties. In case the documents are discretely drafted with the intention to deceive the respondent party then the creator of such documents would be held liable for negligent misstatement. Moreover, the misstated business plan prepared by John and his firm also deceived Freds parents as they provided loan to Fred $20,000 to be repaid in 5 years. However, the loan from parents was taken by Fred without letting John know therefore, it can be argued that John and his firm are not directly liable for misstatement. Besides, the firm Abacus can be held vicariously liable for representing misleading information in the business plan as well as approval of letter without approving the document of business development plan. In this situation, Johns liability to the parents can be excluded as decided in the case of Olley v. Marlborough Court Hotel (1949) based on the contract law. In case of presentation of misleading document to Freds Parents by one party i.e. John can be held for vicarious liability because the disclaimer made in the letter was not a part of the business plan and agreement. Likewise, Abacus and Associates is vicariously liable to the Southpac Bank because the disclaimer in the forwarded letter was not a part of the loan application disclosures and document of business plan. Apparently, it has been clarified in the legislation that the party to the contract or agreement is required to disclose all the necessary facts including the exclusion liability clause. However, in no case the party is allowed to present the misleading or inappropriate information with the intention to deceive the other party. Accordingly, John is responsible to present the correct and accurate information in the business plan since a mere disclaimer in the letter cannot exclude his liability. Conclusion Considering the facts and discussion on the present case, it can be concluded that John presented the negligent misstatement in business development plan whereas Abacus and Associates is vicarious liable for such misstatement. Mere presentation of exclusion of liability in the letter cannot waive the responsibility of presenting the appropriate and correct information in the business plan. Therefore, John and his accounting firm both are liable for representing negligent misstatement. Further, the misstated business plan was also presented to the Southpac Bank based on which the bank approved the loan to Fred. Therefore, John is directly liable to the Southpac bank whereas Abacus and Associates is indirectly liable to the bank being a superior respondent. On the contrary, Freds parents also provided loan amounted to $20,000 on the basis of the business development plan prepared by John and his firm. Although obtaining the loan from parents was not communicated to John, he is still in directly liable to present negligent misstatement. Since the plan was made under the authority of Johns accounting firm Abacus and Associates, the firm is also indirectly liable to represent negligent misstatement and providing misleading information. Declaration of exclusion of liability in the letter does not waive off the responsibility of John and Abacus to provide correct and appropriate information of the business development plan. Reference List Barker, K., 2015. Negligent Misstatement in Australia-Resolving the Uncertain Legacy of Esanda.Ch,13, pp.319-344. Lasker, E.G., Klein, S.A. and Barago, T.F., 2015. Taking the Product out of Product Liability: Litigation Risks and Business Implications of Innovator and Co-Promoter Liability.Def. Counsel J.,82, p.295. Battistella, C., De Toni, A.F. and Pillon, R., 2015. The Extended Map methodology: Technology roadmapping for SMES clusters.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,38, pp.1-23. Dudin, M.N., Kucuri, G.N., Fedorova, I.J.E., Dzusova, S.S. and Namitulina, A.Z., 2015. The innovative business model canvas in the system of effective budgeting.Asian Social Science,11(7), pp.290-296. Frank, M.J. and Colarusso, J.C., 2016. Vicarious Liability May Apply: TCPA-Compliant Text Message Advertising in Franchise Systems.Franchise Law Journal,35(3), p.421. Lai, W.H. and Lin, C.C., 2015. Constructing business incubation service capabilities for tenants at post-entrepreneurial phase.Journal of Business Research,68(11), pp.2285-2289. Li, K.X., Wang, Y., Tang, O. and Min, J., 2016. Disclosure in insurance law: a comparative analysis.European Journal of Law and Economics,41(2), pp.349-369. Robinson, G., 2015. Construction Law-Texas Supreme Court Shields Design Professionals from Economic Liability in Negligent Misrepresentation Suits.SMUL Rev.,68, p.299. Stevenson, K., Rowbotham, J. and Lowther, J., 2015. Reparation for Betrayal of Trust in Child Sexual Abuse Cases: The Christian Duty of Care, Vicarious Liability and the Church of England.Australian Feminist Law Journal,41(2), pp.253-270. Tan, D., 2015. Internalising Externalities-An Enterprise Risk Approach to Vicarious Liability in the 21st Century.SAcLJ,27, p.822. Tyagi, S., Choudhary, A., Cai, X. and Yang, K., 2015. Value stream mapping to reduce the lead-time of a product development process.International Journal of Production Economics,160, pp.202-212. Winer, L., 2015. Adding Skill Development to Graduate Marketing: A Case History. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 284-288). Springer International Publishing.

Six Sigma program Essay Example

Six Sigma program Essay What will be the benefits, costs and risks of the Six Sigma program and how will they be tracked and reported? Six Sigma is a program that is used to improve processes within the organization be it in administrative, clerical, manufacturing or production processes. Six Sigma is generally geared at defining goals and problems, measuring existing data and processes, analyzing problems and goals, improving processes or tasks and controlling how the problems will be resolved in the future. The benefits of Six Sigma include the improvement of operating procedures to ensure faster response time, quality products and services and better monitoring of performance and work outputs. The Six Sigma model can promise the said results and benefits because it provides a formula in which an existing processes is checked for consistency, efficiency and effectiveness, if it fails to measure to the existing industry standards it is revised and redesigned to match the best practices. In the event that there is no existing process, then Six Sigma will be used as a model or guide to develop one. Six Sigma also ensures that costs will be lowered because there will be less time spent in the process and more time to work on the actual tasks. The cost of Six Sigma is huge, the organization has to hire and maintain a consultant that would guide and train top management and middle management in the principles of Six Sigma. Moreover, each employee also has to be trained which can be costly since it would mean time away from work and training costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Six Sigma program specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Six Sigma program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Six Sigma program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Six sigma also has its own risks, it is not foolproof and some organizations may not be suited to it hence instead of improving the organization it may only mean disaster. Then Six Sigma with its highly structured model may stifle interpersonal relationships in the organization and may change the organizational culture. As with any kind of change, implementing Six Sigma is bound to be met by skepticism and fear by the employees that may affect how smoothly the transition to Six Sigma would be. Administrators and management will monitor how efficiently Six Sigma is implemented and whether the objectives for each project are being met. After a period of implementation the adoption of Six Sigma in several projects will be evaluated in terms of its benefits, costs and risks which will then be reported to the top management and board. It can be reported in terms of how goals had been met as compared to the previous performance, whether costs had been lowered and by what amount. How should the various functional areas in the organization be included in the Six Sigma initiative and what role should senior and middle management play in this change initiative? Since Six Sigma is a process model, it can be implemented in all the departments and work areas in the organization. A department may identify a problem or their goals which is being affected by an existing process. Thus, each department may be given the opportunity to practice Six Sigma, also, the middle manager can be the team leader in his/her department who oversees the process change as well as check if goals are being met. The senior managers can be the evaluating body in the sense that they will be the judge of whether Six Sigma had been adequately implemented. Middle managers become accountable for how well Six Sigma is implemented by the department while senior management will provide the support and control of the change process. What role should Six sigma play in corporate strategy? Six Sigma can also be employed in the formulation of corporate strategies. For example, Six Sigma requires that the leaders or managers of the organization first identify and define their goals. This would mean that the managers need to determine what are their goals and objectives for the company in the near future. After which, the managers need to measure and analyze their current position in the market, and whether they have the tools and resources necessary for the strategies that they are considering in order to meet their initial goals. After making use of internal and external data and mapping out what needs to be done, corporate strategies can then be formulated congruent to the existing data. In this way, the organization lessens the risks and costs associated with new corporate strategies. What are the human resource implications for deploying Six Sigma (e.g. employee selection, roles, organization structure, and reward systems)? Six Sigma is highly structured and it requires that key persons are designated as the team leader, as a Black Belt and such which means that human resource be able to match each employee to the roles and functions necessary to make Six Sigma work. This would mean that employee selection has to include measuring the ability of the employee to work within a structure and to follow protocol. The organizational structure would also be affected when Six Sigma is employed in an organization because the organization will then be working as teams or units specializing in a process, it may tend to flatten the structure or to become more diversified. The reward systems may also be changed because the performance of the employees would be measured in terms of how well they improved their overall output and if they fail to reach the standards then they would not be rewarded. If rewards were based on individual performance before Six Sigma then it would mean a total redesign of the rewards system of the organization. How will Six Sigma affect the innovative culture at 3M and is Six Sigma enough? 3M’s history had been dotted with innovation and it is the strongest point of the company bringing in sales, growth and market share. It is a diversified company which has depended on the ability of the RD department to churn out new products which made 3M the leader in its field. Six Sigma had been criticized to stifle creativity and it would mean less opportunity for innovation. Because Six Sigma focuses on systematizing procedures and cutting on costs and risks, creativity has no room to grow in this set-up. Six Sigma may work in terms of improving the processes of 3M especially in production, distribution, marketing and other procedural tasks however it should not be treated as a panacea. Six Sigma is not enough, it can be an excellent tool to improve how the organization performs but there are instances where it is not applicable. Six Sigma should be used in tandem with a culture and organizational structure that can support structure and procedures and at the same time leave room for creativity and innovation.

Answer Key Essay Example

Answer Key Essay Example Answer Key Essay Answer Key Essay Professor Mumford [emailprotected] edu Econ 360 Fall 2012 Problem Set 1 Answers True/False (30 points) 1. FALSE If (ai , bi ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n and (xi , yi ) : i = 1, 2,  ·  ·  · , n are sets of n pairs of numbers, then: n n n (ai xi + bi yi ) = i=1 i=1 ai x i + i=1 bi yi 2. FALSE If xi : i = 1, 2, . . . , n is a set of n numbers, then: n n n n n (xi ? x) = ? i=1 n i=1 2 x2 i ? 2? x i=1 xi + i=1 x = ? i=1 2 x2 ? n? 2 x i where x = ? 1 n i=1 xi 3. TRUE If xi : i = 1, 2, . . . , n is a set of n numbers and a is a constant, then: n n a xi = a i=1 n i=1 xi = a n x ? here x = ? 1 n i=1 xi 4. FALSE If X and Y are independent random variables then: E (Y |X) = E (Y ) 1 5. TRUE If {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } are constants and {X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn } are random variables then: n n E i=1 ai X i = i=1 ai E (Xi ) 6. FALSE For a random variable X, let  µ = E (X). The variance of X can be expressed as: V ar(X) = E X 2 ?  µ2 7. TRUE For random variables Y and X, the variance of Y conditi onal on X = x is given by: V ar(Y |X = x) = E Y 2 |x ? [E (Y |x)]2 8. TRUE An estimator, W , of ? is an unbiased estimator if E (W ) = ? for all possible values of ?. 9. FALSE The central limit theorem states that the average from a random sample for any population (with ? nite variance) when it is standardized, by subtracting the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation, has an asymptotic standard normal distribution. 10. TRUE The law of large numbers states that if X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn are independent, identically distributed random variables with mean  µ, then ? plim Xn =  µ 2 Multiple Choice Questions (a) ceteris paribus (b) correlation (c) causal e? ect (d) independence (20 points) 11. The idea of holding â€Å"all else equal† is known as 12. If our dataset has one observation for every state for the year 2000, then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 13. If our dataset has one observation for every state for the year 2000 and another observation for each state in 2005, then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 14. If our dataset has one observation for the state of Indiana each year from 1950-2005 then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 15. Consider the function f (X, Y ) = (aX + bY )2 . What is (a) 2aX (b) a(aX + bY ) (c) 2a(aX + bY ) (d) a2 X ? f (X,Y ) ? X 3 Long Answer Questions (50 points) 16. The sum of squared deviations (subtracting the average value of x from each observation on x) is the sum of the squared xi minus n times the square of x. There are ? several ways to show this, here is one: n n xi (xi ? x) ? i=1 = i=1 n (xi ? x + x) (xi ? x) ? ? ? n = i=1 n (xi ? x) (xi ? x) + ? ? i=1 n x (xi ? x) ? ? = i=1 (xi ? x)2 + x ? ? i=1 n (xi ? x) ? (xi ? x) = 0, so ? and we know that i=1 n i=1 (xi ? x)2 ? 17. There are several ways to show that this expression equals the sample covariance between x and y, here is one: n n xi (yi ? y ) ? i=1 = i=1 n (xi ? x + x) (yi ? y ) ? ? ? n = i=1 n (xi ? x) (yi ? y ) + x ? ? ? i=1 (yi ? y ) ? = i=1 (xi ? x) (yi ? y ) ? ? 18. Correlation and causation are not always the same thing. (a) A negative correlation means that larger class size is associated with lower test performance. This could be because the relationship is causal meaning that having a larger class size actually hurts student performance. However, there are other reasons we might ? nd a negative relationship. For example, children from more a? uent families might be more likely to attend schools with smaller class sizes, and a? uent children generally score better on standardized tests. Another possibility is that within a school, a principal might assign the better students to smaller classes. Or, some parents might insist that their children are in the smaller classes, and these same parents tend to be more involved in their children’s education. Given the potential for confounding factors such as these, ? ding a negative correlation between class size and test scores is not strong evidence that smaller 4 class sizes actually lead to better performance. Thus, without other information, we cannot draw a meaningful economic conclusions. A correct answer should explain that we should be careful about drawing economic conclusions from simple correlations. (b) The sample correlation between N and T is de? ned as: s rN T = N T sN sT where the sample covariance, sN T , is given by: sN T = 1 999 1000 ? Ni ? N i=1 ? Ti ? T and the sample standard deviations are given by: sN = 1 999 1000 Ni ? N i=1 2 sT = 1 999 1000 ? Ti ? T i=1 2 Note that there are several alternative ways to write this and statistical programs generally use other algorithms to calculate the correlation that are less prone to loss of precision due to roundo? error or storage over? ow. 19. Wage data (a) There are 526 observations. (b) There are 274 men in the sample. This means that the sample is 52. 09 percent male. (c) The average level of education in the sample is 12. 6 years. The median level of education is 12 years. (d) The highest education level in the sample is 18 years of school. 9 people in the sample report having 18 years of education. (e) The average hourly wage in the sample is $5. 90. The median hourly wage in the sample is $4. 65. 20. Fertility data (a) There are 363 women in the sample. (b) The average number of children ever born to a woman in the sample is 2. 3. The median number is 2. (c) The largest number of children ever born to a woman in the sample 7. Six women report having seven children. (d) 25 percent of the sample lived in the eastern United States at age 16. (e) The average level of eduction in the sample is 13. 2 years. 5

Distributed Databases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distributed Databases - Research Paper Example 1). It is important to acknowledge that this article has outlined a significant set of valuable information about distributed systems. This is specifically on issues based on controlling concurrency of organization data and most importantly, the security of data and transactions handles by distributed database systems. The authors of the article address indicate that concurrency control and security threat is a very crucial subject of concern in distributed database networks. The article goes further to clarify that there has been no guarantee of execution of secure database transactions in most distributed databases. Specifically, the author outlines that, there is no clear platform for ascertaining that database transactions are always maintaining the ACID properties, which are atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability (Vinod et al. 3). This paper describes that there are a number of concerns in the design of most distributed databases, which have negatively affected the performance of their respective distributed networks. Specifically, concurrency issues in the transfer of data along with security of the transactions handled by these systems have been indicated as significant subjects of concern. In a distributed database, the database spread over a wide number of computers, which communicate and share data via a well designed of computer data network. The database applications connected to the distributed database system have to work transparently on the database fragments (Vinod et al. 2). The paper outlines that concurrency control is a database management activity that focuses on coordinating database manipulation processes by a concurrent access to data while potentially interfering with one another. The main subject of concern in concurrency control is to ascertain serialisability of transactions

The Way People Treat Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Way People Treat Animals - Essay Example Catharine A. Mackinnon has a very feminist view on the exploitation of animals, she compares the state of animals to the state of women, she thinks that women and animals are both exploited and have more similarities than one. She claims that animals are treated like women and women like animals, this again goes to show the sheer exploitation of both women and animals. She goes on to say that women are as badly treated as animals, she is aghast when she makes this comparison and she is right in many ways, women are still being exploited in some areas of the world and so are animals. â€Å"People dominate animals, men dominate women.† (Animal Rights, P277) The author sheds light upon how women and animals are being dominated in our society. She throws light upon the inequality that prevails in our society. The author brings out an excellent ideology; the suppression of both women and animals is because they are considered inferior, women are exploited because they are considere d biologically weaker, animals are exploited because they are considered much inferior to the human race, the exploitation is purely based on the ideology of inferior and superior, a superior being starts believing that it is his right to suppress the inferior, the same has been highlighted by the author. The author is labeled to be a feminist because she talks about the male ideology and brings out the similarities in animals and women. â€Å"Qualities considered human and higher are denied to animals as qualities considered masculine and higher are denied to women.† (Animal Rights, P278) The lesser humanity of women is conceded by men and they call women animal names like chick, bunny, bitch and so on, this again points to the inferior nature of women in the society, animals are lower than humans is also a presumption which with several human beings live with. The author also talks about the ridiculous ways in which both women and animals are exploited, rats are put in the vagina of women and it is thought that the rat would suffer much more than the women, the author tries to say that the status of women is lower than the status of animals. Misery and exploitation are common amongst women and animals, men find new ways to exploit and dominate both. The author talks about the laws that have been made to protect animals, films showing the crushing of animals have been banned by the government of the US but she says that there are no such laws in place to protect women who are also being exploited sexually by men. She concludes her argument by saying that women are better off without laws. Elizabeth Anderson has a different take on the same matter, her analysis cannot be called a feminist view, and she does not juxtapose animals with women, the author bases her argument on intrinsic value of animals. The author talks about the animal rights, she says that chimpanzees are believed to have the mental ability of a mentally retarded child, chimpanzees are b eing used for several experiments, and can mentally retarded children be used for the same experiments? The author is directly comparing animals with human beings; the point is why we are not using mentally retarded children for experiments who have the same mental makeup as a chimpanzee has? This goes to show double standards in the society, a

Project Mercury and Its Legacy Essay Example for Free

Project Mercury and Its Legacy Essay In the twentieth century, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a competition called the Space Race. This was a race to who would be the first country to send a rocket and a human being up into space. Although the Soviet Union was the first to send both a rocket and a human up into space, the United States successfully carried out a space mission called Project Mercury. Project Mercury was carried out in 1959 and came to a conclusion in 1963. It was the first human spaceflight program that was undertaken by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). From when it was first introduced, to when the space mission was carried out, and when it had succumbed to its end, Project Mercury became an important mission which left one of the greatest legacies in United States history. In the initiation of Project Mercury, the government began a search for seven great Americans who would become United Statess first astronauts. To be considered for the position, the Americans had to meet some requirements, which were as follows: needed to be test pilots, needed to be no taller than 511, needed to weigh no more than 180 pounds, needed to be under the age of forty, needed to have a Bachelors degree or equivalent, have 1,500 hours of flying time, and have qualifications for flying jets. In addition to the requirements, the pilots had to go through rigorous testing and training that would assure that they were capable handling problems the spacecraft and the flight may pose on them. Out of the handful of pilots who met these requirements, only seven were chosen to become Americas first astronauts who were Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, and Deke Slayton. Since these flights were going to be manned, NASA contracted Max Faget as the primary designer, along with a team of engineers to build the Mercury Spacecraft. Its design was a cone-shaped one-man capsule with a cylinder mounted on top. Two meters (6 ft, 10 in) long, 1.9 meters (6 ft, 2 1/2 in) in diameter, a 5.8 meter (19 ft, 2 in) escape tower was fastened to the cylinder of the capsule. The blunt end was covered with an ablative heat shield to protect it against the 3000 degree heat of entry into the atmosphere (Mercury Spacecraft). This design would be the first capsule that would go up into space. Project Mercury was finally undertaken after all of the seven American Astronauts were physically and mentally prepared, the spacecraft was built, and the rockets were safe to launch. Before America could send the first human up into space, they needed to make sure that the rocket was not going to blow up as it had done in launch tests. Engineers and scientists were working hard to accomplish this, but trial after trial, the rockets were always blowing up. Finally, NASA was able to perfect the rocket, and on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard was the first American to be launched into space on the spacecraft called Freedom 7. This event was one of the greatest moments for America which anticipated further launches into space to explore what is beyond Earths atmosphere. The second flight was manned by Gus Grissom who was launched into space on the spacecraft called Liberty Bell on July 21, 1961. He successfully was able to complete a suborbital flight, but as he landed, his spacecraft hatch blew open and NASA was not able to recover the spacecraft. The first American to orbit the Earth was the third flight using the Friendship 7 spacecraft that was manned by John Glenn on February 20, 1962. He was only able to orbit the Earth three times due to concerns about the spacecrafts heat shield. Then, on May 15, 1963, Gordon Cooper became the first American to be in space for over a day and successfully orbited the Earth twenty-two times using the Faith 7 spacecraft. He was also the last American astronaut to be launched into space alone. Ultimately, Project Mercury came to its end creating one of the greatest legacies of United States history. The overall cost for Project Mercury added up to $1.6 billion in inflation-adjusted dollars (Program Cost). There are numerous legacies that Project Mercury left to Americans. One of those legacies is the will of America to continue the space programs after President John F. Kennedy said that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth (President Kennedys Challenge). Also, Project Mercurys greatest legacy is that it was United States first successful human spaceflight program. Project Mercury also influenced author Tom Wolfe who wrote the book The Right Stuff, which was later developed into a movie directed by Philip Kaufman. In conclusion, from the inception and up to the end of the space program, Project Mercury was a prominent accomplishment for the United States, leaving one of the greatest legacies for America. It changed the game of how America would accomplish its goals of becoming the first country to send an astronaut to the moon. At the end, the seven American astronauts who were chosen to be part of the space program will always be part of United States history and Project Mercury will continue to be the reason for where we are today pertaining to Americas advanced space program.